Diverse forms of functioning of literary English gradually led to its differentiation. This differentiation takes place along two main lines: a) the difference between the written and oral varieties of speech, which we call the types of speech (oral and written), and b) a bundle of written and spoken varieties of the language on a separate system (with m and l question) .
Each type of speech has its own characteristic lexical and syntactic features. The difference between the types of speech rooted in the environment in which communication takes place.
Styles of speech differ depending on the communication objectives and the scope of use. The difference between them is mainly determined by the nature of the selection of means of expression, forming a specific system, which is a conscious collective, speaking in this language. Styles speech poet can not be understood without an analysis of the stylistic language and other means of forming this style. As mentioned above, the distinction between the two types of speech – spoken and written – is determined mainly by the conditions (situation) in which communication takes place. Speaking by nature dialogical, hair type of speech by nature monologichen. This difference is determined by the conditions of communication:
when oral communication necessarily the physical presence of the interlocutor; when writing the type of communication necessarily the absence of the interlocutor (the destination of the reader).
Dialogichnost as the most characteristic feature of oral type speech imposes this kind of question mark, which is expressed in the specific lexical, syntactic and intonation.
Speaking it can sometimes be largely supplemented by body language. As it is known, by means of gestures can be expressed without language resources such concepts as an indication, approval, denial, accusation, threat, satisfaction, fear, joy, tenderness, and so. D., And. etc.
Oral type of speech is more emotional than writing. Intonation, t. E. Modulation of tone, pitch, force expiratory stress – in a word human voice greater impact on sensory perception messages than text. Other features of speech, as the tempo, rhythm, as are the means by which realized the emotional side of this type of speech. Direct contact with the person, as an indispensable condition in which the possible use of oral type speech, creates a peculiar conditions for the emergence of special rules of this type of speech.
The most characteristic feature of the syntax of oral (spoken) speech is the presence of elliptic revolutions. Omission of certain parts of the sentence is the norm dialogic speech, as the situation itself requires that the communication is not lowered. Full proposals in the oral type of speech can sometimes be seen as a kind of violation of the rules. They can be used for special purposes, such as expression in dialogic speech stimuli, stressed-official tone, politely but firmly orders, and other hidden threats.
As examples of elliptic revolutions, enshrined in the rules of language as a typical direct live daily dialogue, we can cite the following expression.